Breast cancer is a condition where cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, often forming a lump or mass. While many types of breast cancer are treatable, early detection significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment. Here’s why early diagnosis is crucial:

When breast cancer is detected early, particularly before it spreads beyond the breast or nearby lymph nodes, treatment is much more effective. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year survival rate for localized breast cancer is over 99%.

Early-stage breast cancer patients often have more treatment options, including less aggressive surgery (such as lumpectomy rather than mastectomy) and may avoid the need for chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Early detection also allows for the consideration of targeted treatments that could have fewer side effects.

Lower risk of metastasis

Metastatic breast cancer occurs when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, such as bones, liver, lungs, or brain. Once breast cancer becomes metastatic, it’s considered incurable, though it can be managed. Early detection reduces the risk of metastasis, thereby improving outcomes.

Improved quality of life

Early detection may also mean less extensive treatment and a quicker recovery. If cancer is detected at an advanced stage, treatments can become more intensive and may lead to prolonged recovery times and potential side effects that can affect quality of life.

Cost savings

Early diagnosis often leads to more straightforward and less costly treatments. Late-stage cancer treatment can involve more complex interventions, like longer hospital stays, advanced surgeries, or long-term medication, all of which can lead to higher financial burdens for patients and their families.

Being proactive with regular self-exams and screenings gives women more control over their health. Catching abnormalities early empowers patients to make informed decisions about their treatment plan and overall health management.

How women can check for breast cancer at home

Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, routine practice that can help women detect potential signs of breast cancer early. While it doesn’t replace regular medical screenings like mammograms, BSE can help women become familiar with their breasts and notice any changes that might indicate a problem. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to perform a self-exam:

1. Visual inspection in the mirror

Start by standing in front of a mirror with your shoulders straight and your hands on your hips.

• What to look for:
  • Changes in breast size, shape, or symmetry.
  • Visible lumps or swelling.
  • Skin dimpling, puckering, or retraction (pulling inward).
  • Nipple changes, such as inversion (pulling inward), redness, scaling, or discharge.

2. Raise your arms

Raise both arms above your head and look for the same changes mentioned above. Pay close attention to any differences between the breasts or abnormalities in skin texture or appearance.

3. Look for nipple discharge

Check for any nipple discharge. This can be spontaneous (without squeezing) or after slight pressure on the nipples. Discharge may be clear, milky, yellow, or bloody, and any unexpected fluid should be reported to a doctor.

4. Palpation while standing or sitting

The next step is to feel your breasts. You can do this in the shower as wet skin can make it easier to feel changes.

• How to check:
  • Use the pads of your three middle fingers, moving them in a circular motion.
  • Apply different levels of pressure: light, medium, and firm to feel all the layers of breast tissue.
  • Move in a pattern (either circular, vertical, or wedge) to ensure the entire breast area is examined, including the area near the armpits where breast tissue extends.
  • Make sure to check the tissue under the nipples as well.

5. Palpation while lying down

When lying down, breast tissue spreads evenly over the chest wall, making it easier to feel abnormalities.

• How to check:
  • Lie down and place a pillow under your shoulder on the side of the breast you’re examining. Place your arm above your head.
  • Using the same method as when standing, use circular motions with varying pressure.
  • Move from the collarbone down to the top of the abdomen and from the armpit to the cleavage.
  • Repeat on the other breast.

6. Repeat monthly

BSE should be performed once a month, preferably a few days after your menstrual period when breasts are less tender or swollen. For women who have reached menopause, it’s good to choose a consistent day each month.

Additional steps beyond self-exams

While self-exams are essential, they should be complemented with:

Regular mammograms: Women aged 40 and older should discuss mammography screening schedules with their doctors. For women with a higher risk of breast cancer, screening may start earlier.

Clinical breast exams (CBEs): Regular exams by a healthcare provider should be part of routine health check-ups.

Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing for mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can help assess risk and guide preventative measures.

Breast self-examination is a valuable tool in catching breast cancer early. While it doesn’t replace professional medical screenings, it helps women be more attuned to their bodies and recognize unusual changes. The earlier breast cancer is detected, the better the chances of beating it with effective treatment, avoiding the progression to more advanced stages, and ensuring a better quality of life.